Cerium oxide is a widely employed material in various applications. Its remarkable chemical and physical properties provide to its versatility. For example, cerium oxide is widely employed in catalytic converters to reduce harmful emissions from vehicles. Furthermore, it finds application in the production of glass due to its high refractive index

As the world moves toward renewable energy sources, the demand for high-performance batteries is surging. This necessitates the development of next-generation battery materials that are not only more powerful but also environmentally sustainable. Researchers are actively exploring a range of innovative materials, including sodium-ion batteries, to